Certified Paraoptometric (CPO) Practice Exam 2025

Which condition involves a small blood vessel rupture between the sclera and conjunctiva?

1. Subconjunctival hemorrhage

2. Hordeolum

3. Chalazion

4. Conjunctivitis

The correct answer is: Subconjunctival hemorrhage

The correct answer is Subconjunctival hemorrhage because this condition specifically arises when there is a rupture of small blood vessels located between the sclera (the white part of the eye) and the conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the eye's surface). This rupture results in blood leaking into the space, leading to a visible red patch on the surface of the eye. Subconjunctival hemorrhage can occur due to various factors, such as trauma, coughing, or strain, and is generally harmless, often resolving on its own. In contrast, a hordeolum refers to an infection of the oil glands in the eyelid, commonly known as a stye, and is characterized by a localized swelling on the eyelid rather than a blood-filled area on the eye surface. A chalazion is a blocked oil gland that can become inflamed and form a lump on the eyelid, which is distinct from bleeding. Conjunctivitis, or pink eye, involves inflammation of the conjunctiva due to infection or allergy and does not involve blood vessel rupture. These conditions are associated with different symptoms and underlying mechanisms, thereby making subconjunctival hemorrhage the correct choice for this question.